The Table is the SQLAlchemy Core construct that allows one to define Setting up Constraints when using the Declarative ORM Extension ¶ PrimaryKe圜onstraint - detailed API documentation. Statements, on all backends other than SQLite which does not support

Therefore break out constraints in such a cycle into separate ALTER Keys (always the case except on SQLite, MySQL/MyISAM). Involved in a “dependency cycle”, where a set of tablesĪre mutually dependent on each other, assuming the backend enforces foreign This approach can’t work when two or more foreign key constraints are Key dependency (this sort is also available via the Involved such that tables are created and dropped in order of their foreign This by default, using a topological sort of all the Table objects MetaData.create_all() and MetaData.drop_all() methods do In an “inline” fashion within the CREATE TABLE definition. FOREIGN KEY directive is used to create the constraint Rendered “inline” within the CREATE TABLE statement, such as:ĬREATE TABLE addresses ( id INTEGER NOT NULL, user_id INTEGER, email_address VARCHAR NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY ( id ), CONSTRAINT user_id_fk FOREIGN KEY ( user_id ) REFERENCES users ( id ) ) The behavior we’ve seen in tutorials and elsewhere involvingįoreign keys with DDL illustrates that the constraints are typically Creating/Dropping Foreign Key Constraints via ALTER ¶ Would not be aware that these two values should be paired together - it wouldīe two individual foreign key constraints instead of a single compositeįoreign key referencing two columns. Invoice_item.invoice_id and invoice_item.ref_num columns, SQLAlchemy While we could also have placed individual Invoice_item = Table ( 'invoice_item', metadata_obj, Column ( 'item_id', Integer, primary_key = True ), Column ( 'item_name', String ( 60 ), nullable = False ), Column ( 'invoice_id', Integer, nullable = False ), Column ( 'ref_num', Integer, nullable = False ), ForeignKe圜onstraint (, ) )įoreignKe圜onstraint is the only way to define aĬomposite foreign key. Is specified by constructing a ForeignKey object The single column foreign key is more common, and at the column level Keys they may optionally be specified within the definition of a singleĬolumn. In SQLAlchemy as well as in DDL, foreign key constraints can be defined asĪdditional attributes within the table clause, or for single-column foreign Pairs of rows which have a relationship with each other, and SQLAlchemyĪssigns very deep importance to this concept in virtually every area of its The foreign key is the “joint” that connects together The referenced columnsĪlmost always define the primary key for their owning table, though there areĮxceptions to this.

They are constrained towards the referenced columns. We call theĬolumns which are constrained the foreign key columns and the columns which Of columns, typically but not always located on a different table. Defining Foreign Keys ¶Ī foreign key in SQL is a table-level construct that constrains one or moreĬolumns in that table to only allow values that are present in a different set The key classes include ForeignKe圜onstraint and Index. This section will discuss SQL constraints and indexes.

Configuring Naming for Boolean, Enum, and other schema types.

Creating Custom Tokens for Naming Conventions.

Configuring a Naming Convention for a MetaData Collection.

Configuring Constraint Naming Conventions.

Setting up Constraints when using the Declarative ORM Extension.

Creating/Dropping Foreign Key Constraints via ALTER.

SQL Expression Language Tutorial (1.x API).

Create a unique index postico